Current Version: 2.3.1 (June 2006)

The following manuals for R are downloadable as PDF files:

• An Introduction to R is based on the former "Notes on R", gives an introduction to the language and how to use R for doing statistical analysis and graphics. [browse HTML | download PDF ]

• A draft of The R language definition documents the language per se. That is, the objects that it works on, and the details of the expression evaluation process, which are useful to know when programming R functions. [browse HTML | download PDF ]

• Writing R Extensions covers how to create your own packages, write R help files, and the foreign language (C, C++, Fortran, ...) interfaces. [browse HTML | download PDF ]

• R Data Import/Export describes the import and export facilities available either in R itself or via packages which are available from CRAN. [browse HTML | download PDF ]

• R Installation and Administration [browse HTML | download PDF ]

• The R Reference Index contains all help files of the R standard and recommended packages in printable form. [download PDF, 13MB]

Translations into other languages than English are available from the contributed documentation section.

The latex or texinfo sources of the latest version of these documents are contained in every R source distribution (in the subdirectory doc/manual of the extracted archive). Older versions of the manual can be found in the respective archives of the R sources. The HTML versions of the manuals are also part of most R installations (accessible using function help.start()).

Hardcopies of some of the manuals (for R version 1.9.1) are available from Network Theory Limited.